Russian Grammar Charts - Plural Nouns
Key
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How to use this chart
Changes are described from Nominative singular
ending.
Use key to determine the changes required.Chart describes vast majority
of patterns. Notes/Exceptions describe most exceptions. See Examples
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Download a free printable PDF version to refer to your studies
| Gender |
Endings |
Nominative |
Accusative |
Genitive |
Dative |
Prepositional |
Instrumental |
| M |
cons. 10 12 |
+ы2 3 17 |
* 1 |
+ов 5 11 17 |
+ам |
+ах |
+ами |
|
ь |
>и 3 |
* 1 |
>ей |
>ям |
>ям |
>ями |
|
й 16 |
>и |
* 1 |
>ев 8 |
>ям |
>ям |
>ями |
|
| F |
а |
>ы2 |
* 1 |
-а 13 |
>ам |
>ах |
>ами |
|
я |
>и |
* 1 |
>ей 6 14 |
>ям |
>ях |
>ями |
|
ь |
>и |
* 1 |
>ей |
>ям 15 |
>ях 15 |
>ями 15 |
|
| N |
о |
>а |
* |
-о |
>ам |
>ах |
>ами |
|
е |
>я4 |
* |
>ей7 |
>ям
|
>ях |
>ями |
|
мя |
>мена |
* |
>мён |
>менам |
>менах |
>менами |
Notes
1 Accusative Masculine - use Genitive if object is human or animal
2 Watch out for 7-letter spelling rule (ы must not follow к,г,ч,х,ж,ш,щ
use и instead)
3 Some masculine nouns exceptions have plural ending а or я.
For example глаз > глаза, город > города,
дом > дома, голос > голоса, доктор > доктора,
поезд > поезда, профессор > профессора,
учитель > учителя
4 Except those ending in же,це,че,ше,ще which end in а
instead
5 If ends in ж,ч,ш,щ takes ей in the Genitive
e.g. нож > ножей
6 If ends in я but proceeded with a consonant in nominative singular,
takes ь in Genitive e.g. неделя > недель. If
ends in я but proceeded by a vowel in nominative singular, takes
the ending й in the Genitive plural e.g. партия > партий.
If
ends in consonant cluster insert a fleeting vowel in between e.g. бабушка > бабушек,
сестра > сестёр, земля > земель
7 If ends ие take ий in Genitive plural
e.g. здание > зданий
8 Also takes this ending in the Genitive if ends in ц (and if stress on preceding syllable)
9 If consonant cluster, vowel is often inserted e.g. окно > окон
10 Masculine nouns ending ец lose е when declining e.g.
конец > концы (and in all other cases)
11 Masculine nouns ending ец and stressed on stem have ев
in Genitive since о can appear after ц only in stressed positions e.g танец > танецев
12 Masculine nouns ending ок,ек,ёк lose fleeting vowel in declension e.g. рынок > рынки (except some exceptions which don’t)
13 Some feminine plural nouns which have consonant cluster take o between the consonants
in Genitive e.g. марка > марок, бутыилка > бутылок,
вилка > вилок. Between clusters containing ж,ч,ш,к
- e is inserted e.g. ложка > ложек
14 Feminine nouns ending ья lose ь in Genitive e.g. статья > статей,
except гостья which is гостий in Genitive
15 Letter я is replaced by а in Dative/Prep/Inst.
if ь appears after ж,ч,ш,щ e.g. вещь >
вещам (Dative) вещах (Prep) вещами
(Inst.)
16 Exceptions брат, лист, стул follow this pattern in all cases
except Nom., but with ь inserted before ending e.g. братьев
Nom is братья. Exceptions муж, сын, друг also
follow this pattern in all cases except Nom, but with ь inserted
before ending. But in Nom, has ья e.g. мужья, сыновья, друзья
17 Masculine nouns ending адин/ядин replace last two letters with
е and in Genitive remove last two letters e.g англичанин >
англицчане (Nom) англичан (Gen). господун
also loses last two letters in Genitive.
Remember - foreign origin words don’t decline
| Examples |
| зал |
Nom: +ы = залы |
Gen: +ов = залов |
Dat: +y = залу |
| спектакль |
Nom: >и = спектакли |
Genitive: ь > я = спектакля |
Dative: ь > ю = спектаклю |
| лампа |
Nom: >ы = лампы |
Genitive: а > ы = лампы |
Dative: а > е = лампе |
| море |
Nom: >я = моря |
Genitive: е > я = моря |
Dative: е > ю = морю |